“Pollinator Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes”

Dr. Jaret Daniels, Curator & Program Director of McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida

Dr. Adam Dale, Associate Chair for Extension & Associate Professor, University of Florida

Biodiversity, the staggering variety of life on earth, is declining at unprecedented rates. This has serious repercussions for our economies, health, and overall quality of life. Collectively, insects are the biological foundation for terrestrial ecosystems, providing many essential services like pollination, nutrient cycling, and food for wildlife. Despite documented declines, it’s not too late to make a difference. Conservation today cannot be limited to just large, wild spaces. Every landscape matters. Rapidly expanding human-dominated landscapes play an important role in biodiversity conservation. However, if these spaces are to promote biodiversity, we must all participate and understand that the choices we make in our own landscapes matter. While such spaces can never replace pristine, natural environments, they can provide important resources to supplement wildlife habitats and mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization. A growing body of research supports the wildlife conservation benefit of these non-traditional lands. Private yards and home gardens collectively comprise the largest percentage of greenspace in most urban areas. Additionally, because more than 80% of Americans now live in urban areas, yards and gardens offer tremendous potential for each of us to have a positive impact. Studies have shown that including native plants and increasing overall plant diversity, among other practices, help support a greater abundance and diversity of beneficial wildlife, including insect pollinators. Importantly, there is no single solution to promoting pollinators and other wildlife in urban landscapes. It requires an integrated, multi-faceted approach that considers factors like dispersal, survival, and reproduction. The benefits of connecting people with nature also cannot be undervalued. By bridging the gap between society and nature, we can strive to establish heathier and more sustainable spaces for both humans and wildlife.

---

“Invasive Animals in Florida & What's Next"

Dr. Steve Johnson, UF/IFAS Wildlife Ecology & Conservation

Florida is a mecca for introductions of nonnative species. It’s major ports of entry, mild climate, preponderance of human-altered habitats, and a booming trade in exotic pets and ornamental plants all contribute to species introductions in the state. Fortunately, many species introduced to Florida fail to establish and of those that make it, many remain localized. However, some spread after establishment and become invasive. An invasive species is defined as one that is nonnative to a particular geographic area, has been introduced to the area through the intentional or unintentional actions of humans, and causes or is likely to cause harm to the natural environment, and/or the economy, and/or human well-being. Introduced and invasive species in Florida include hundreds of nonnative plants, disease-causing microorganisms, invertebrates and vertebrates. More than 500 species of fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles have been documented as being introduced to Florida. These include numerous “one-off” records of a single individual observed outside of captivity as well as species that become established and widespread. Among these, approximately 150 have established breeding populations and some of these meet the definition of invasive as described above.

In this presentation Dr. Johnson focuses on terrestrial vertebrates known to be invasive in Florida, with an emphasis on herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles). He initially profiles several invasive mammals and birds and then takes a deeper dive into some of Florida’s most common invasive amphibians and reptiles. Considering that Florida is the global epicenter for introduced herpetofauna, with more than 200 species documented, and close to 75 of those having established in the state, he will just be able to scratch the surface of this issue. Finally, he concludes his presentation discussing some species that could become a problem in the future and suggests actions that Master Gardeners can take to help manage invasive animals in Florida.

---

“Florida-Friendly Landscape Updates and Impacts”

Claire Lewis, Tom Wichman, & Chad Crawford, Florida Friendly Landscaping

This session will introduce the updated checklist and procedures for Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL) landscape recognition, including an overview of the new FFL Natural level of recognition. We will also discuss new positions being added which are designed to support FFL agents and Master Gardener Volunteers. We will also share the latest updates on FFL marketing, promotions, and social media strategies to help strengthen outreach and engagement efforts. This session is perfect for those looking to stay informed and maximize the impact of FFL programs!

---

“Palm Diseases Update”

Dr. Brian Bahder, UF/IFAS Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center

Lethal bronzing disease (LB) is a fatal phytoplasma infection of over 20 species of palms in Florida. Since its introduction, it has spread throughout the state and ranges from Jacksonville in the north to Key Largo in the south. Recent research efforts discovered the vector is a small planthopper, Haplaxius crudus, and current management options are currently being explored to lower vector populations (and ultimately disease pressure). New findings have discovered chemical signals emitted from sick plants that “warn” nearby plants that may trigger a response, making palms more resistant. Additionally, seasonal trends that correlate to vector population peaks has been discovered.

---

“Invasive Plants in Florida & What's Next”

Dr. Stephen Enloe, UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants

Invasive plants present significant challenges to many Master Gardeners in Florida. Whether in the landscaping, water features, or surrounding natural areas, many invasive plants negatively impact native species, ecosystem services, and aesthetics. Persistent, aggressive management is often required but the technical details are often missing. This presentation will cover a range of management tools and techniques for several key species with an emphasis on integrated pest management and sound environmental stewardship. A considerable portion of this presentation will address audience questions, so come prepared with the key questions you need answered!

---

“Florida Native Groundcovers and Eco-System Services”

Brooke Moffis, UF/IFAS Extension (Lake County)

This presentation delves into a novel research study that explored the effects of multispecies lawns, which combine traditional turfgrass with native forbs and groundcovers. Results from the study indicated that these diverse lawns maintained high levels of green cover throughout the growing season. Furthermore, they attracted a greater number and variety of pollinators and increased the diversity and abundance of certain types of ground-dwelling arthropods, thereby elevating their ecological value. We will also discuss the potential benefits of low-growing groundcovers; specific species, their growth requirements, and the ecosystem services they may be able to provide. This talk aims to highlight lawn strategies that not only conserve water and promote biodiversity but also maintain the aesthetic and recreational qualities that are valued in our landscapes.

---

“Palm Nutrition Update”

Dr. Mica McMillan, UF/IFAS Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center

Palm nutrient deficiencies are relatively easy to determine but can be the hardest landscape plant to treat. At the end of the presentation, attendees will be able to identify the most common deficiencies and the best management practices for treatment. Major soil and environmental issues that lead to these deficiencies will be reviewed. Current research trial progress for alternative methods for fertilization in palm trees will be discussed. Attendees will be Introduced to native palm species that could be considered for Florida landscapes. This presentation will conclude with common case scenarios to determine the best treatment based on the environment.

---

“Pollinators and IPM”

Dr. Jaret Daniels & Dr. Bernie Mach, University of Florida

Public awareness of declining pollinator populations has increased interest in creating “pollinator–friendly” urban landscapes, primarily by planting floral resources and larval host plants for bees and butterflies. In this session, Dr. Bernie Mach will discuss their research on native and nonnative flowering trees and shrubs and the bee assemblages they attract, as well as the challenges faced by gardeners planting and maintaining healthy milkweed to attract monarch butterflies and other specialist lepidoptera in urban landscapes.

---

“Under Utilized Florida Natives”

Dr. Heather Kalaman, UF/IFAS Extension (Orange County)

Interested in incorporating more native plants into your landscape, but not sure where to begin? This talk will highlight the ecological and aesthetic advantages of using native species, with a focus on several often-overlooked native species that are relatively low-maintenance and attract pollinators and other wildlife. By using these plants, homeowners and landscapers can create more sustainable, resilient environments while conserving water and reducing the need for excessive inputs. Let’s shift the landscape paradigm from non-native, water-intensive landscaping practices and promote the use of Florida's rich native flora!

---

“Citrus Update”

Dr. Tripti Vashisth & Jamie Burrow, UF/IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center

Citrus is an iconic connection to Florida. Many people have memories of coming to Florida and seeing orange groves and smelling the orange blossoms. Others have lived in Florida for years and have experienced being surrounded by the beauty of orange groves. Florida’s identity whether you live in Florida or visited, is closely linked to citrus. Over time, the industry has developed, and you can see significant changes in how citrus is grown, harvested, and distributed especially in the last several decades. Between environmental, land, and work force challenges, the industry has shifted and looks different than it did 10 years ago. These changes are shaping the industry to grow citrus different than it ever has in the past. With these changes, come new research challenges. One frequently asked question is how homeowners can grow citrus in this new territory of increased diseases and pests. For two years, the UF/IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center home citrus team collaborated with more than 10 counties of Florida Master Gardener Volunteers. The early results indicate that some tools used in the commercial industry can also be used by home gardeners. While growing citrus looks different for both industry and home gardeners, there are a variety of resources available from videos and step-by-step instructional sheets about planting a citrus tree to tree care that can easily be accessed on the UF/IFAS Home Citrus website, homecitrus.ifas.ufl.edu. In addition, anyone can send an email to homecitrus@ifas.ufl.edu with photos of their trees and receive an answer from one of the many UF/IFAS citrus experts. Growing citrus today is not as easy as it once was, but new research has shown that the new growing tools can help home gardeners grow citrus again. Today, access to resources and expert advice is just a click away.

---

“No Mow March”

Mark Tancig, UF/IFAS Extension (Leon County)

This presentation will introduce the UF/IFAS Extension Northwest District’s No Mow March Campaign and provide the “why” to what initiated us to work on such an effort. The No Mow March Campaign originated from an extension client who shared a beautifully published article by the New York Times about Wisconsin’s No Mow May effort. While a No Mow May in Florida could get a little out of hand, No Mow March seemed more plausible and was better timed to match our pollinator season. To help promote pollinators, encourage citizens to notice and identify winter/spring wildflowers, and give folks a reason to stop mowing for a month, several Horticulture Extension Agents in the UF/IFAS Extension Northwest District worked together to organize and implement a series of programs to engage citizens in the Florida Panhandle, and beyond. The campaign has now been active for two years and has resulted in several trainings, webinars, and, most importantly, action by citizens. So far, a total of 190 people signed a pledge that they will promote good pollinator practices and 168 individuals pledged to change their mowing practices in the month of March. These individuals that changed their mowing practices manage a total of 137 acres of landscaped area. These collective changes in landscape management are expected to lead to additional food resources for pollinators, provide wildlife value to non-pollinators, reduce pollution from gas-operated lawn mowers, and encourage citizens to learn more about the late winter/early spring wildflowers in their area. Hopefully, after the presentation, you will want to skip mowing in March, too!

---

“Urban Ecology/Nature for People”

Dr. Gail Hansen, UF/IFAS Department of Environmental Horticulture

Urban ecology is fundamentally about “nature for people”, which is a short and efficient way of saying that although people and their activities dominate the built environment, people need nature in their cities for their health and well-being. The international scientific journal, Urban Ecology, defines urban ecology as “the study of ecosystems that include humans living in cities and urbanizing landscapes…the term, urban ecology, has been used to describe the study of humans in cities, of nature in cities, and the coupled relationship between humans and nature.” As a field of study, urban ecology is about ecology in, of, and for cities, including social-ecological systems, that consider the impact of humans on the environment. Urban ecology is unique from natural ecology in that humans impact ecology in cities by disturbing soil composition, removing and planting vegetation, changing water flows, reducing air quality and introducing non-native species. For this reason, the study of ecology of urban areas focuses on the performance of many features of the natural environment in the urban setting, including urban soils, water, vegetation, wildlife, climate, and biodiversity, but also considers features of the built environment such as roads, buildings and stormwater infrastructure. In addition to traditional ecological considerations, urban ecology includes social, cultural, economic, and development pressures. The social side of urban ecology considers biophilia, our beliefs and behaviors, how we value nature, the aesthetics of nature, our attachment to nature, why we need nature and how we create and care for natural urban environments. Urban ecology also studies how we design and build man-made natural areas. Studies of urban green spaces and novel ecosystems focus on our design choices and the natural elements we use, such as trees, plants, rocks and water, to create parks, yards, gardens and stormwater features. As a result, urban ecology is a multi-discipline field that can play a significant role in improving cities at this defining moment where climate change, growing population, environmental justice, migration, cultural shifts and economic stressors are challenging sustainability and resilience of cities. And finally, urban ecology is a field of study that looks to the future, advocating environmental solutions to create sustainable cities with equitable ecosystem services for all city dwellers.

---

“Foodscaping”

Amanda Marek & Mark Bailey, UF/IFAS Extension (Marion County)

Foodscaping is the artful combination of edible plants with non-edible ornamental plants in your landscape. Foodscapes can be beautiful, bountiful, and Florida-Friendly. Join us as we explore Florida-Friendly edible plants and learn how the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ principles can be used to create your own backyard foodscape.

---

“Wildflowers and Weeds: Exploring Nativeness”

Marc Frank, Extension Botanist, University of Florida

Many of us refer to certain plants as Florida natives without giving it much thought. What do we mean by the term “native”? What are the best resources for checking if a particular species is native to your area? What types of information do botanists look at to determine if a species is native to Florida? Marc Frank, Extension Botanist at the University of Florida Herbarium, will help to answer these questions. We’ll review several species for which the opinion on native status has recently changed or is unresolved. And we’ll discuss some things to consider when purchasing and gardening with Florida native plants or using them in restoration projects.

---

“The Past, Present, and Future of Florida’s Water”

Dr. Nick Taylor, State Specialized Extension Agent, University of Florida

Dr. Yilin Zhuang, Water Resources Regional Specialized Agent, University of Florida

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the water supply challenges in Florida, examining how historical factors, current trends, and future developments shape the state’s water resources. The presentation will focus on the impacts of population growth, climate change, and regional consumption patterns, along with the critical roles of landscaping choices and land development practices in managing water demand. By exploring these elements, it will present potential strategies and solutions for ensuring a sustainable water supply for Florida's future.

---

“Spotting Diseases”

Dr. Bill Lester, UF/IFAS Extension (Hernando County)

Join Dr. William Lester, UF/IFAS Extension Urban Horticulture Agent from Hernando County, for an engaging presentation titled Spotting Diseases, where you'll dive into the world of plant health. This session will begin with an introduction to the importance of disease identification in both the garden and landscape, emphasizing the crucial role Master Gardeners play in diagnosing and addressing plant health issues in their communities. Dr. Lester will guide you through an exploration of the common types of plant diseases found in the garden, including fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases, helping you to better understand how these pathogens affect your plants.

The presentation will then move into specific diseases that every Master Gardener should be familiar with, such as citrus greening (Huanglongbing), lethal bronzing in palms, tomato blight, rusts, mildews, and more. You'll gain valuable insights into spotting the symptoms of these diseases, and the tools and techniques used to accurately diagnose plant health problems.

Next, Dr. Lester will cover integrated disease management strategies, offering practical advice on cultural practices, chemical controls, biological solutions, and the importance of monitoring and early detection to maintain healthy gardens and landscapes. Real-world case studies will be shared, including a scenario where the wrong plant was placed in the wrong location, leading to a disease outbreak, and how to manage a citrus tree in a homeowner's landscape facing disease pressure.

This interactive session will culminate in a lively Q ⊄A where attendees can ask questions about disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Whether you're a seasoned Master Gardener or a novice eager to learn, this presentation will equip you with the knowledge and confidence to spot and manage plant diseases in your own landscape.

---

“HOAs and Florida Friendly Landscaping”

Dr. Taylor Clem, UF/IFAS Extension (Nassau County)

In Florida, 45% of homes are part of a homeowners’ association (HOA), far surpassing the national average of 22%. HOAs aim to maintain property values through implementation of different neighborhood standards, including enforcing different landscape regulations. With residential irrigation consuming 60% of our water resources, HOAs present a prime opportunity for impactful change. This session will showcase how Master Gardener Volunteers and UF/IFAS Extension Agents can collaborate with HOAs to advance the Florida-Friendly Landscaping Program. You will learn how to implement key principles such as reducing water use through efficient irrigation, selecting appropriate plant species, and using mulch to conserve moisture. Discover strategies for working with HOA board members and homeowners to promote sustainable practices that enhance both environmental health and community aesthetics. Join us to be a driving force in creating greener, more water-efficient landscapes in your neighborhood.

---

“Using Reclaimed Water and Urban Water Issues”

Dr. Mary Lusk, UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

Reclaimed water is former domestic wastewater that has been treated and returned to communities for reuse. In Florida, reclaimed water is used mostly for urban landscape irrigation, and we use hundreds of millions of gallons of reclaimed water everyday in Florida to irrigate our urban lawns and other green spaces. This presentation goes over the production and use of reclaimed water in Florida and presents current research on how reclaimed water may affect soils, plants, and nearby water resources.

---

“Containers that Wow”

Debbie Mola, Horticulturist, Walt Disney World Company

Throughout the Walt Disney World Resort, vibrant color and dynamic displays are essential to the visual experience, and container gardens are a key element in bringing these scenes to life. Disney’s Horticulture team uses containers to tell a captivating story, incorporating plants in ways that enhance the landscape, complement architectural details, and support the park’s themed areas. You’ll get an inside look at how these artful arrangements are thoughtfully crafted to immerse guests in the magic of each environment.

In addition, you’ll learn a variety of insider tips on container gardening, from selecting the right plants for your specific climate and season to creating eye-catching displays that go beyond the ground with vertical gardening techniques. Discover how to make the most of seasonal blooms, choose the best soils, and explore creative options like floating containers, hanging baskets, and window boxes. This presentation will inspire you to bring a little Disney magic to your own garden through the power of container gardening!

---

“Tree Health and Survival in Residential Settings”

Dr. Marguerite Beckford, UF/IFAS Extension (Citrus County)

Canopy loss in urban and suburban areas continues to occur at an alarming rate. Community trees provide many benefits including improved physical and mental wellness, cooler summer temperatures from reduced heat island effects, as well as improved air and water quality. Learn more about urban forestry, the care of trees in residential settings, the Treejuvenation Florida urban forestry Extension program, and how Florida Tree Stewards can support local canopy conservation efforts by increasing awareness of community tree assets, and how these assets can be wisely managed.

---

“Zone 10 Natives”

Emily Marois & Kara Krueger, UF/IFAS Extension (Palm Beach County)

Florida's warming climate is causing shifts in the state's hardiness zones, with the 2023 update showing Zone 10 extending further into central Florida, and more north along coastlines. These changes have significant effects on the diversity of plant species, both in natural areas and in our landscapes. This shift highlights the importance of "Right Plant, Right Place," making sure the plants you choose are well-suited to your zone. Native plants, when used effectively, can reduce the need for water, fertilizers, and pesticides. They also play a key role in creating resilient landscapes that support local wildlife. By incorporating native plants, your landscape can contribute to a larger wildlife corridor, benefiting birds, butterflies, and other species. In this session, we’ll focus on native plants ideal for Zone 10 and share our top resources to help you find the best native plants for your garden.

---

“The Science of Seeds”

Kaydie McCormick, UF/IFAS Extension (Seminole County)

Have you ever wondered what the labels on the seeds you buy really mean? Terms like "organic," "heirloom," "hybrid," and "GMO" are commonly seen, but what do they signify? This talk will demystify these labels, explaining the differences between organic, heirloom, hybrid, and genetically modified seeds, and how they impact the food we eat and the gardens we grow.

Join us for an in-depth exploration of seed terminology and a discussion of best practices for starting seeds, whether you're a home gardener or a curious consumer. Learn the benefits and challenges of each type of seed, from the unique traits of hybrids to the historical qualities of heirlooms and gain practical tips for successful seed starting techniques.

Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just beginning to explore the world of plants, this presentation will help you make informed decisions about the seeds you buy and the foods you consume, with a focus on sustainability and quality.

---

“The Soul of New Southern Gardens”

Keynote Speaker: Jenks Farmer, Author, Owner & Plantsman

Jenks builds gardens with a thorough understanding of our climate, soils, and ecosystems. He brings in stories and history, as lessons to build on– or avoid. Jenks wants newcomers, children and all gardeners to find connection to the earth. He'll tell behind the scenes stories and share stunning before and after photos of building two of South Carolina's largest public gardens. Both of which inspire well over a million people a year to get their hands dirty and to consider the consequences of doing so. Drawing from years of hands-on experience in organic nurseries and crafting private sanctuaries, Jenks shares practical wisdom and creative inspiration. This talk is an invitation to open our hearts and minds to the changing face of Southern gardening. Jenks challenges conventional wisdom while respecting tradition, encouraging gardeners to cultivate spaces that are ecologically vibrant, beautifully designed, and deeply meaningful, along with concrete strategies to bring these ideas to life in your own garden.

---

“Native Plants: Facts, Fabrications and Foibles”

Keynote Speaker: Carol Reese, Author & Extension Horticulture Specialist (Retired)

Are native plants really more likely to succeed? Are they always the better choice for supporting insects? Carol’s program separates fact from fiction, and champions all well behaved plants that provide exceptional sustenance for insects and other wildlife. She suggests that dismissing a plant on the basis of its origin rather than its ecological merits has potential to result in more harm than good to our stressed and polluted planet. This thought-provoking program will question the entire concept of “native” - and if trying to freeze the available plant selections to a particular moment in time is beneficial - or even possible. Hold onto your hats while Carol humorously uses Frankenstein, Sitting Bull, mastodons, space travel and kitchen blenders to build her case on the importance of not limiting the plant palette, and invites unification over the hugely important goal of providing for the “little things that run the world”. (Phrase coined by the late great E.O. Wilson)